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2023 Math Kangaroo

Problem 29

Problem 29 · 2023 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Algebra & Patterns off-by-onesubstitution

Several points are marked on a straight line. Renate marks another point between each pair of adjacent points. She repeats this process three more times. Now there are 225 points marked on this straight line. How many points were marked to start with?

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Answer: A — 15
Show hints
Hint 1 of 2
Adding a point between every adjacent pair turns n points into 2nāˆ’1.
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Hint 2 of 2
Apply that step four times and set the result to 225.
Show solution
Approach: iterate the doubling-minus-one map
  1. One round: n points become n + (nāˆ’1) = 2nāˆ’1.
  2. Four rounds from x give 16x āˆ’ 15.
  3. Set 16x āˆ’ 15 = 225, so 16x = 240 and x = 15.
  4. She started with 15 points.
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