🦘 Math Kangaroo Grade All Felix 1-2 Ecolier 3-4 Benjamin 5-6 Kadett 7-8 Junior 9-10 Student 11-12 ⇄ switch contest
2009 Math Kangaroo

Problem 18

Problem 18 · 2009 Math Kangaroo Hard
Counting & Probability complementary-countingsum-constraint

100 students take an exam with 4 questions. 90 solve the first question, 85 the second, 80 the third and 70 the fourth. Determine the smallest possible number of students that have solved all four questions.

Show answer
Answer: D — 25
Show hints
Hint 1 of 2
Count the ‘misses’ rather than the solves: how many failures are there in total?
Still stuck? Show hint 2 →
Hint 2 of 2
Spread the failures over as many different students as possible to minimise those who got everything.
Show solution
Approach: count failures and subtract from 100
  1. The numbers who missed each question are 10, 15, 20, 30, totalling 75 failures.
  2. At best each failure falls on a different student, so at most 75 students missed something.
  3. Then at least 100 − 75 = 25 students solved all four.
Mark: · log in to save