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2023 Math Kangaroo

Problem 9

Problem 9 · 2023 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Counting & Probability caseworksum-constraint

23 animals are sitting in the first row of a cinema. Each animal is either a beaver or a kangaroo. Each animal has at least one kangaroo next to it. What is the maximum amount of beavers in the row?

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Answer: D — 11
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Hint 1 of 2
Every animal — including each kangaroo — needs a kangaroo as a neighbour.
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Hint 2 of 2
So kangaroos can't sit alone; they must come in adjacent pairs, and at most two beavers can sit between groups.
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Approach: kangaroos must be paired; pack beavers between pairs
  1. A lone kangaroo would have no kangaroo neighbour, so kangaroos occur in adjacent pairs.
  2. Between two such pairs at most two beavers fit (a third would be too far from any kangaroo).
  3. The tightest packing of 23 seats uses 12 kangaroos, leaving a maximum of 11 beavers.
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