🦘 Math Kangaroo Grade All Felix 1-2 Ecolier 3-4 Benjamin 5-6 Kadett 7-8 Junior 9-10 Student 11-12 ⇄ switch contest
2016 Math Kangaroo

Problem 13

Problem 13 · 2016 Math Kangaroo Hard
Algebra & Patterns substitution

Which value does \(x_4\) take if \(x_1 = 2\) and \(x_{n+1} = x_n^{\,x_n}\) for \(n \ge 1\)?

Show answer
Answer: C — \(2^{2^{11}}\)
Show hints
Hint 1 of 2
Compute the terms one at a time, keeping everything as a power of 2.
Still stuck? Show hint 2 →
Hint 2 of 2
Track only the exponent: each step the new exponent is the old value times the old exponent.
Show solution
Approach: iterate, keeping powers of 2
  1. \(x_1 = 2\) and \(x_2 = 2^2 = 4\).
  2. \(x_3 = 4^4 = (2^2)^4 = 2^8\).
  3. \(x_4 = (2^8)^{2^8} = 2^{8 \cdot 256} = 2^{2048} = 2^{2^{11}}\), which is option C.
Mark: · log in to save