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2015 Math Kangaroo

Problem 14

Problem 14 · 2015 Math Kangaroo Hard
Algebra & Patterns substitution

We know the following about five positive whole numbers a, b, c, d, e. All the numbers are different, b = c : e, d = a + b and a = ed. Which of the numbers a, b, c, d, e is the largest?

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Answer: Cc
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Hint 1 of 2
Express everything in terms of the smaller quantities, then see which is built up the most.
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Hint 2 of 2
c is a product, while the others are sums or differences.
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Approach: rewrite each in terms of a and b
  1. From a = e−d and d = a+b, we get e = 2a+b, so e and d are modest sums.
  2. b = c÷e means c = b·e, a product of two positive whole numbers larger than 1.
  3. A product of such factors beats the sums, so c is the largest (C).
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