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2013 Math Kangaroo

Problem 17

Problem 17 · 2013 Math Kangaroo Medium
Number Theory Counting & Probability careful-countingplace-value

All four-digit positive numbers that use the same digits as 2013 were written on a blackboard in ascending order. Find the largest possible difference between two numbers that are next to each other on the blackboard.

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Answer: A — 702
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Hint 1 of 2
List the four-digit numbers using the digits 2, 0, 1, 3 each once (no leading 0), in order.
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Hint 2 of 2
The biggest jump happens where the leading digit changes.
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Approach: order the arrangements, find the largest jump
  1. Using digits 2,0,1,3 (no leading zero) gives numbers starting with 1, 2, or 3.
  2. The largest number starting with 2 is 2310; the smallest starting with 3 is 3012.
  3. Their difference 3012 − 2310 = 702 is the largest gap between consecutive numbers.
  4. So the answer is 702.
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