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2009 Math Kangaroo

Problem 10

Problem 10 · 2009 Math Kangaroo Medium
Spatial & Visual Reasoning path-tracing

Which of the following tangles is made using more than one piece of string?

Figure for Math Kangaroo 2009 Problem 10
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Answer: B — I, III and V
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Hint 1 of 2
Trace each tangle: follow one strand and see whether it covers the whole figure before returning.
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Hint 2 of 2
If a single loop covers everything it's one piece; needing a second loop means more than one.
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Approach: trace each strand to count separate loops
  1. For each diagram, follow the cord from a start point and see how many separate closed strands the tangle really contains.
  2. Tracing the crossings shows that diagrams I, III and V each require more than one piece of string, while the others can be made from a single loop.
  3. So the ones using more than one piece are I, III and V.
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