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2024 Math Kangaroo

Problem 24

Problem 24 · 2024 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Algebra & Patterns place-valuesubstitution

I have a four-digit number \(N=\overline{pqrs}\). If I place a decimal point between the digits q and r, I obtain the number \(\overline{pq}.\overline{rs}\). This is exactly the average of the two numbers \(\overline{pq}\) and \(\overline{rs}\). What is the sum of the digits of N?

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Answer: B — 18
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Hint 1 of 2
Turning pq.rs into an average gives an equation linking the two-digit blocks pq and rs.
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Hint 2 of 2
From pq + rs/100 = (pq + rs)/2 you get 50·pq = 49·rs, which pins down pq and rs.
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Approach: translate the average condition into an equation
  1. The number with the decimal is pq + rs/100, and it equals (pq + rs)/2.
  2. Clearing fractions: 100·pq + rs = 50·pq + 50·rs, so 50·pq = 49·rs.
  3. The two-digit solution is pq = 49, rs = 50, so N = 4950 and the digit sum is 4+9+5+0 = 18.
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