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2023 Math Kangaroo

Problem 13

Problem 13 · 2023 Math Kangaroo Medium
Logic & Word Problems casework

Maria, Peter, Richard and Tina were playing football in the classroom when a window pane broke. The head teacher asked who did it and got these answers. Maria: “It was Peter.” Peter: “It was Richard.” Richard: “It wasn’t me.” Tina: “It wasn’t me.” It later turned out that only one child told the truth. Who broke the window pane?

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Answer: B — Tina
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Hint 1 of 2
Try assuming each child is the culprit in turn and see how many of the four statements come out true.
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Hint 2 of 2
Only the case with exactly one true statement can be correct.
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Approach: test each suspect and count how many statements are true
  1. Suppose Tina broke it. Then Maria's “it was Peter” is false, Peter's “it was Richard” is false, Richard's “it wasn't me” is true, and Tina's “it wasn't me” is false.
  2. That gives exactly one true statement, matching the rule that only one child told the truth.
  3. Testing the other suspects gives either zero or more than one true statement, so they fail.
  4. Therefore Tina broke the window, answer B.
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