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2022 Math Kangaroo

Problem 3

Problem 3 · 2022 Math Kangaroo Easy
Number Theory place-value

Beate arranges five cards — 4, 8, 31, 59 and 107 — side by side to make the smallest possible nine-digit number. Which card ends up furthest to the right?

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Answer: B — 8
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Hint 1 of 2
To make the joined number smallest, the cards with the smallest leading digit should sit furthest to the left.
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Hint 2 of 2
Order the five cards by the digit they start with, and see which card ends up last on the right.
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Approach: order the cards by their leading digit
  1. The five cards start with the digits 1 (107), 3 (31), 4 (4), 5 (59) and 8 (8).
  2. For the smallest number these leading digits must read in increasing order from left to right, so the cards go 107, 31, 4, 59, 8, giving 107314598.
  3. The card furthest to the right is 8, so the answer is B.
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