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2020 Math Kangaroo

Problem 7

Problem 7 · 2020 Math Kangaroo Easy
Arithmetic & Operations Number Theory casework

Carlos wants to square the sum of three numbers chosen from the list −5, −3, −1, 0, 2, 7. What is the smallest result he can get?

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Answer: B — 1
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Hint 1 of 2
A square is never negative, so you want the sum of the three numbers to be as close to 0 as possible.
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Hint 2 of 2
Can three of the listed numbers add to exactly 0? If not, the next best is a sum of ±1.
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Approach: make the sum nearest to zero
  1. Squaring makes any sum non-negative, so aim for a sum near 0.
  2. No three of −5, −3, −1, 0, 2, 7 add to exactly 0.
  3. But −3 + 0 + 2 = −1 gives a sum of magnitude 1.
  4. Then the square is 1² = 1, the smallest result, choice B.
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