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2020 Math Kangaroo

Problem 29

Problem 29 · 2020 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Number Theory place-valuedigit-sum

The number \(K = 9999\ldots9\) is formed by n digits 9. What is the sum of the digits of the number \(K^3\)?

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Answer: D — \(18n\)
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Hint 1 of 2
Write K as 10^n − 1 and cube it.
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Hint 2 of 2
Expand and check the digit sum for small n to spot the pattern.
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Approach: expand (10^n - 1)^3 and read the digit sum
  1. K = 10^n − 1, so K³ = 10^(3n) − 3·10^(2n) + 3·10^n − 1.
  2. For n = 1, K³ = 729 (digit sum 18); for n = 2, K³ = 970299 (digit sum 36).
  3. The digit sum is 18n.
  4. So the answer is 18n.
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