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2012 Math Kangaroo

Problem 19

Problem 19 · 2012 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Number Theory divisibilityfactorization

A rectangular piece of paper is 108 mm long and 84 mm wide. After making a straight cut you have a square and a leftover piece. You do the same with the leftover piece and so on until the leftover piece itself is a square. What is the side length of the last square?

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Answer: E — 12 mm
Show hints
Hint 1 of 2
Each cut peels off the biggest square it can; track the leftover rectangle's sizes.
Still stuck? Show hint 2 →
Hint 2 of 2
This is the subtract-the-smaller-side process, and it ends at the greatest common divisor.
Show solution
Approach: repeated squares (Euclid-style subtraction)
  1. From 108x84 cut an 84x84 square; leftover is 24x84.
  2. From 24x84 cut 24x24 squares (three of them); leftover is 24x12.
  3. From 24x12 cut a 12x12 square, and the leftover is itself a 12x12 square.
  4. So the last square has side 12 mm.
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