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2011 Math Kangaroo

Problem 23

Problem 23 · 2011 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Logic & Word Problems casework

Each one of the three birds Isaak, Max and Oskar has its own nest. Isaak says: “I am more than twice as far away from Max as I am from Oskar.” Max says: “I am more than twice as far away from Oskar as I am from Isaak.” Oskar says: “I am more than twice as far away from Max as I am from Isaak.” At least two of them speak the truth. Who is lying?

Show answer
Answer: B — Max
Show hints
Hint 1 of 2
The statements form a cycle, so they cannot all be true at once.
Still stuck? Show hint 2 →
Hint 2 of 2
Try making each bird the single liar and see which case lets the other two be truthful.
Show solution
Approach: test which single liar makes at least two statements consistent
  1. The three 'more than twice as far' claims cannot all hold together for any placement of nests.
  2. Assume each bird in turn is the liar and check whether the other two statements can both be true.
  3. Only if Max is lying can Isaak's and Oskar's statements both hold, so Max is lying.
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