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2019 Math Kangaroo

Problem 23

Problem 23 · 2019 Math Kangaroo Stretch
Logic & Word Problems casework

One of the 5 children Alex, Bartek, Cora, Dani and Emil has eaten a cake. Alex says: “I did not eat a cake.” Bartek says: “I ate a cake.” Cora says: “Emil has not eaten a cake.” Dani says: “I did not eat a cake.” Emil says: “Alex has eaten a cake.” One of the children lies. Which child has eaten a cake?

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Answer: B — Bartek
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Hint 1 of 2
Exactly one statement is false; test who the eater could be and count the lies.
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Hint 2 of 2
Suppose Bartek is the eater and check whether only one child ends up lying.
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Approach: test the eater so that exactly one lies
  1. Assume Bartek ate the cake.
  2. Then Alex, Cora and Dani all speak truthfully, and Bartek's 'I ate' is true.
  3. Only Emil's 'Alex ate' is false — exactly one liar, as required.
  4. So the child who ate the cake is Bartek (B).
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