🇺🇸 AMC 8 ⇄ switch contest
1996 AMC 8 Stretch

Problem 2

Problem 2 · AMC 8 Stretch Core
Logic & Word Problems Geometry & Measurement symmetrylogical-reasoningconsidering-extreme-cases
A hunter leaves camp, walks 10 miles due north in a straight line, and stops for lunch. After lunch he again walks 10 miles due north in a straight line — and discovers he is back at camp! On a round Earth, where is the hunter's camp? ('North' always means 'toward the North Pole,' and his straight line follows the curve of the Earth like a taut string on a globe.)
South Pole symmetryP (South Pole)Q10 mievery direction points north toward P
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Answer: The South Pole
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Hint 1 of 3
On a globe, 'north' is not one fixed compass direction forever. It always means 'toward the North Pole.' Is there a special place where 'north' behaves strangely?
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Hint 2 of 3
Think about the South Pole. From the South Pole, which direction is north?
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Hint 3 of 3
From the South Pole, EVERY direction is north. So if the camp is at the South Pole, walking 'north' takes you out, and walking 'north' again along the same taut-string path on the far side brings you right back.
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Approach: Use the special symmetry of the pole
  1. 'North' means toward the North Pole. On a flat map that feels like one fixed direction, but on a round Earth it changes with where you stand. The trick is to find the one special spot where this matters.
  2. Stand exactly at the South Pole. The North Pole is straight up and over the globe in every direction, so from the South Pole every direction you face is 'north.'
  3. Put the camp at the South Pole. Walking 10 miles 'north' carries the hunter out along a great circle; walking 'north' again continues along that same circle, which loops back toward the pole on the far side and returns him to the South Pole.
  4. Because all directions from the South Pole are identical (all 'north'), a 'north then north' walk can close on itself. No ordinary spot has that symmetry, so the camp is at the South Pole.
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